Electrical machine.



J. E. SEELEY.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.27. I9I3.

1,157,592. Patented OCI. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' 4 V r T I. E. SEELEY.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.27, 1913.

1,157,592. l v)Patented Oct. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i a HW.

Rafe/piaf JAMES E. SEELEY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

ELECTRICAL MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. l, 1915.

lApplication filed January 27, 1913. Serial No. 744,286.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES E. SEELEY,

i a citizen of the United States, residing at c of which the followingis a specication.

rlhis invention relates to an electrical machine for X-ray and othersimilar uses; and relates particularly to a mechanical einbodimeiit ofmy oscillation circuit which I have explained and described in aco-pending application bearing S. N. 744,334, filed on the 27th day ofJanuary, 1913. As I have explained in said application, my improvedoscillation circuit is particularly applicable to X-ray work at greatefficiency; and the present invention has to do with the electrical andmechanical appliances giving practicable form to my oscillation circuit.

rI'here are several features which I wish to particularly emphasize inthe following specifications: and I have shown the preferred details inthe accompanying drawings, in which: n

Figure 1 is a sectional plan taken as indicated by line 1-1 of Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken as indicated by line 2-2of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail section and end view of the controllertaken as indicated by line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a section taken asindicated by line 4-4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlargement of a portionof Fig. 1, showing the adjustable spark gap. Fig. 6 is a partial sectionand partial end view of my improved form of impedance coil. Fig. 7 is aside elevation of the same, parts being broken away and shown insection. Fig. 8 is a diagram of theelectrical connections of the wholemechanism.

In the drawings 10 designates a suitable case of any desired characterwhich may be provided with a cover 11 and with any other necessary oruseful appurtenances. The case has a removable top 12 below which all ofits mechanisms and electrical parts are placed. A vertical partition 13divides a chamber 14 from theremainder of the case, which chamber Ishall designate the controlling mechanism chamber; and the other portionof the case is divided into two compartments by a horizontal shelf 15resting upon .suitable corner pieces 16.V

Below this shelf I arrange my condensers 17 and 18 and the impedancecoil 19 and above the shelf 16 I place the induction coils 20 whoseprimaries are included in the oscillation circuit of the condenser 18and whose secondaries are included in the discharge circuit of theterminals 21 and 22.

In the controlling mechanism chamber 14 are arranged the step-uptransformer 30, the controller 31, and the spark gap apparatus 32. Thetransformer 30 may be of any desired character; I prefer a seriesarrangement of wiring. The controller and spark gap apparatus are my ownnovel design; and will be hereinafter explained in detail.

Controller' 31 is comprised essentially in a rotatable grooved drum 40preferablv of insulating material having longitudinal peripheral grooves41; and a series of contacts 42 and 43 of such nature as to spring intothe grooves 41 whenever the grooves come opposite their ends. Thecontacts are eight in number, and the grooves of equal number; and fourof the grooves are provided with contact pins 44 arranged as is shown inFigs. 3 and 4, projecting above the bottoms of the grooves andconnecting with central shaft 45. The pins are so arranged that,

. upon rotation of the drum 40 in the direction indicated, they willcome into successive engagement with the contacts 43 successively fromleft to right in Fig. 4 and then into engagement with contacts 43 fromleft to right in Fig. 1. In the normal, or off, position of thecontroller one of the pins 44 stands beneath the contact 42. Thiscontact 42 is provided with acontact piece 46 which is thus lifted outof engagement with a contact piece 47 mounted upon the conductor 48having a tongue 49 contacting with the central shaft 45. The mainconnection of one side of the electrical circuit is made to thecontroller through the contact 42 and contact pieces 46 and 47 andthence to the central .shaft 45; so that, when the contact 42 is lifted,as shown in Fig. 3, the main connection to the controller is broken.Immediately the controller is rotated one step in the directionindicated in Fig. 3, the contact 42 is dropped and the connection isthus made to the central shaft 45. By the same movement one of the pins44 is thrown directly under the contact 43 first to the right of contact42 in Fig. 4 and connection is thus completed through from contact 42 tocontact 43. Two more steps of rotation will throw the two next pins 44under the two next contacts 43;

and likewise, the neXt step will throw the contact pin farthest to theleft in Fig. 4 under the contact 43a shown in Fig. 3, being the contact43a farthest tothe left in Fig. .1.: and successive rotations will throwthe pins under successive contacts 43a. There are thus eight ditlerentpositions of the controller; one position for throwing the circuitentirely open and seven dil'l'erent controlling positions. Y

The impedance coil may be constructed as is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 withan endless core. These coil sections are designated generally by thenumeral 19; and their ends 61 are led out to bc connected by wires 62(see Fig. .7) to the respective contacts 43 and 43a. One end of theimpedance coil is connected directly by wires 68 to the primary 64 oftransformer 30. The other end of the coil is connected by one of wires62 lto the contact '43 which is engaged by one'of the pins 44 when thecontroller is in its position No. 1; and the other leads 61 of the coils19aV are connected by wires 62 to the various contacts 43 and 43a insuch manner Athat rotation of the controller in the direction indicatedwill gradually cut down the amount of the impedance coil in the circuitleading to the primary 64. The contact 42 of the controller is connecteddirectly to the source ol current supply (which current .supply may beof any variable nature, either alternating or interrupted) by a suitableconnection 65; and the other side of the primary 64 is connected by asuitable wire 66 to the source of current. I provide abridgin'g switch67 with connections 68 and 69 for bridging the circuit between wires 65and the primary 64 for the purpose of entirely cutting out thecontroller 31 and the impedance coils 19. This bridging switch 67 Iprefer to have operated by a button 70 conveniently arranged in any partof the machine. Pressure on thel button suilices to close the normallyopen switch 67 and to bridge around the. impedance coils 19 and supplyfull current to the primary 64 of transformer 30. This arrangementprovides that the full power of the machine may be used temporarily whendesired; and lI attachv especial importance to this feature. In makingX-ray observations, the ordinary osr low power of the machine maybe'used with the impedancecoil in circuit and with the controller at anysuitable position. 'After the particular parts wished to be especiallyobserved or photographed have been located, then the switch 67 may bemomentarily closed to give full power and to make a clear image of theparts desired to be viewed or photographed. This feature is of especialimportance in photographing for medical and surgical purposes, as itallow use of comparatively-low power lfor the eX- tended time necessaryfor the preliminary investigation and allows of momentary use ofsutlicient energy to produce a clear photographic negative in a very fewseconds. Also', the normal use of low power and only momentary use ofhigh power greatly lengthens the life of the X-ray tube.

rlhe secondary of the transformer is connected by wires 76 and 77directly with the main condenser.17 and this main con-A denser isconnected on one side by wire 78 directly with the oscillation condenser18 and on the other side by wires 79 and 80 through spark gap apparatus32 to the oscillation condenser. The oscillation condenser is connectedby wires or other suitable conductors 81 and 82 with one end of each ofthe induction coil primaries 83, the other ends of the primaries beingconnected together by conductor 84. The secondaries 85 of the inductioncoils are individually connected in series with their respective pri-`maries being also connected together at one end by the conductor 84 andat the other ends connecting to the discharge terminals 21 and 22.

The detail construction of the spark gap apparatus is shown in Fig. 5. Iprovide a stationary standard 90, which carries stationary terminal 91secured thereto by means of a bolt 92 and provided with a heat radiatingdevice 93. preferably made of thin copper sheet. Both the stationaryterminal 91 and the adjustable terminal 94 are provided with facings 95adapted to continuously withstand the discharge. The adjustable terminal94 is similar to the stationary terminal 91, being bolted to the movablestandard 96 and having a heat radiator 93. The bolt 97 extends, as isshown in Fig. 5v, into a threaded sleeve 98,Y which, may be rotatedvthrough the -'medium of a hand wheel 99 to move the adjustable terminal94 to and from the stationary terminal 91. The standard 96 is mountedupon a spring frame 100 arranged with parallel sides attached to thelbase 101 and the standard 96; the arrangement being such that thestandard 96 and the adjustable terminal 94 always move into positionsparallel with their initial posi! tions, so thaty the discharge faces 95shall always be parallel with each other.

lll

The induction coils 20 are preferably made with their primaries andsecondaries 83 and 85 of Hat copper strip wound in spiral form. Theprimaries are wound outside of the block of wax or composition or otherinsulating material '105 in which the secondaries are set. The outerends of the secondaries are connected with the primaries while the innerends of the secondaries connect directly with the terminals 21 and 22.The insulating material 105 is poured -around the secondary 85 within apaste board or other suitabley cylinder 106. f This cylinder 106 isjoined to the shelf 15 by setting in a groove 107, as shown in Fig. 2,thus making a liquid-tight joint. The importance of this construction 1sseen when it is pointed out that the insulating compound 105 must have alow melting point so that it will not burn the secondary insulation(preferably of paper) when poured around it; and that the insulatingmaterial may consequently easily re-liquefy.

.In the operation of my improved machine the general power of dischargemay be regulated by operation ofv the controller 3l; while momentaryfull power may be attained by the closure of switch 67. Opening andclosing of the spark gap changes the quality of the discharge; ingeneral, the discharge is more even and uniform when the gap is smalland of a more disruptive nature when the gap is increased.

I have shown and explained, in my copendin application, the operation ofmy oscillation circuit. Briefly, I provide that the gap resistance needbe broken down but once for each train of oscillations; and theoscillations take place in a closed circuit'of relatively littleresistance. This means high oscillation eliciency, a large proportion ofthe initial energy ultimately appearing in the oscillating currents.

Having described my invention, I claim:

l. In an X-ray machine, a high tension discharge circuit, an energizingcircuit for the high tension circuit, an lmpedance coil and a controllertherefor in series in said energizing circuit, and a manually operableswitch connected into said circuit around the impedance coil andcontroller.

2. In lan X-ray machine, a high tension discharge circuit, an energizingcircuit for the high tension circuit, an impedance coil and a controllertherefor in series in said energizing circuit, and a normally openmanually operable switch connected into said circuit around theimpedance coil and controller.

3. In an X-ray machine, a condenser, a high tension discharge circuittherefor, an energizing circuit for the condenser and high tensiondischarge circuit, an impedance coil in said energizing circuitcomprising a plurality of coil Sections connected together, a controllerin said energizing circuit adapted to throw the coil sections into andout of said circuit, and a normally open manually operable switchconnected into said circuit around the impedance coil and controller andadapted to form a low resistance bypass around the impedance coil andcon'- troller. v

In Witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my namethis 9th day of January 1913.

JAMES E. SEELEY. Witnesses:

ELWooD H. BARKELEW,

JAMES T. BARKELEW.

